SASCI Scheme in Jammu & Kashmir: Development Catalyst or Fiscal Concern?

 

The debate surrounding the Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI) scheme in Jammu and Kashmir has intensified in recent weeks, reflecting a broader conversation about development financing and fiscal responsibility. While the government projects the scheme as a landmark opportunity to accelerate infrastructure growth, sections of the political opposition have raised concerns about its long-term financial implications. The discourse highlights a familiar dilemma in public policy — balancing developmental aspirations with financial sustainability.

The SASCI scheme, introduced by the Union Government, aims to strengthen infrastructure development across states and Union Territories through long-term interest-free loans. Jammu and Kashmir has reportedly received funds amounting to nearly ₹3,000 crore under this initiative. The loan, repayable over approximately 50 years without interest, has been described by the administration as a strategic financial tool to drive economic transformation in the Union Territory.

The government’s argument rests on the premise that interest-free loans reduce the immediate financial burden and allow authorities to undertake critical infrastructure projects that would otherwise remain stalled due to budgetary constraints. Proponents also emphasize that the long repayment period significantly dilutes the real value of the borrowed amount due to inflation and economic growth over time. According to government representatives, investments under the scheme are expected to boost tourism, generate employment, and strengthen essential infrastructure, thereby laying the foundation for long-term economic stability.

However, the scheme has not been free from criticism. Opposition leaders, including PDP MLA Waheed-ur-Rehman Para, have questioned the nature of the financial assistance, arguing that it remains a loan rather than a grant. Critics caution that excessive reliance on borrowing could add to the already existing fiscal pressures faced by Jammu and Kashmir. Concerns have also been raised about whether the borrowed funds will be utilized efficiently and transparently to generate sustainable economic returns.

The opposition’s apprehensions extend beyond fiscal numbers. Some leaders have warned that large-scale borrowing could gradually open the door for increased privatization of public assets and infrastructure. Such fears, though largely speculative at this stage, reflect deeper anxieties regarding economic governance and the long-term autonomy of regional development policies.

The ongoing controversy highlights a fundamental reality of modern public finance. Development, particularly infrastructure development, often requires substantial capital investment that cannot always be met through routine revenue streams. Borrowing, therefore, becomes an inevitable policy instrument. The real challenge lies not in borrowing itself, but in ensuring that borrowed funds are invested in productive projects that generate long-term economic value and revenue streams capable of supporting repayment obligations.

In the context of Jammu and Kashmir, where economic diversification and infrastructure development remain key priorities, schemes like SASCI can play a transformative role if implemented with strong accountability mechanisms. Transparent project selection, effective monitoring, and public disclosure of fund utilization are essential to maintaining public trust and ensuring financial prudence.

It is also important to recognize that political debate over development schemes is a healthy aspect of democratic governance. Constructive scrutiny from the opposition can strengthen policy implementation by highlighting potential risks and ensuring greater accountability. At the same time, development initiatives should not be reduced to purely political narratives, as their success or failure ultimately affects the economic future of the region.

The SASCI scheme represents both opportunity and responsibility for Jammu and Kashmir. If managed efficiently, it could accelerate economic growth and infrastructure development. If mismanaged, it could reinforce concerns about fiscal vulnerability. The true measure of the scheme’s success will not lie in the scale of funds sanctioned, but in the quality of outcomes delivered to the people of Jammu and Kashmir.

As the Union Territory continues its developmental journey, the focus must remain on ensuring that financial decisions are guided by long-term economic vision, transparency, and accountability. Only then can initiatives like SASCI translate into sustainable progress rather than temporary financial relief.

Ten ways you can increase your intelligence

10 Ways You Can Increase Your Intelligence:

1. Intelligence begins with reading. The more you will read, the more you will absorb and therefore the more intelligent you will get.

2. Set Goals – Goals create structure in life and only through proper structure can you increase intelligence.

3. Meditate – When you meditate you calm your brain. This peace and tranquility is crucial in building intellect.

4. Make Notes – The body remembers by doing. So by making notes on everything you do, you will increase memory and intellect.

5. Play Sudoku – Playing Sudoku challenges your brain and helps you think logically. It is a brain game and according to the American Alzheimer’s Association and it might help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

6. Stay Hydrated – Our brains depend on proper hydration to function properly. Brain cells require a delicate balance between water and other elements to operate at max efficiency. So try to keep you brain replenished and drink the medically recommended amount of water every day.

7. Minimize "Bad" Television – Watching TV nowadays with all of its reality shows or just simply watching re-runs is one of the worst things you can do for your intelligence. While it can be relaxing you don`t stimulate your thinking. Try tuning into a documentary or the news every now and then. 
 
8. Exercise – Exercise keeps your body fine-tuned and energetic; it is a great way to increase your productivity and intelligence.

9. Mentally Simplify - Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge or skill. So try uncluttered your thoughts and process information one piece at a time. You will find that you will not just be more productive but your mental capacity will increase.

10. Have a Good Breakfast – You can’t drive a car without fuel. Once you wake up and your tank is empty, eat a hearty breakfast to get yourself going again. Eating a healthy breakfast is directly linked to higher mental performance.

Crisis of Good Governance

In the discipline of international relations (IR), good governance and efficient leadership are regarded very significant intangible sources of national power. Since its inception as an independent state, Pakistan has been plagued by lingering and insidious bad governance. Presumably, all of the existing political and socio-economic issues of the country can be attributed to the deeply-seated ineffective leadership.

Good governance is a prerequisite to the democratic continuity and uninterrupted prosperity of a country. There is a range of examples that clearly show that even resource-strapped nations have become economically prosperous and militarily powerful only with the help of good governance. In Far East Asia, even though Japan, Taiwan and Singapore are devoid of natural resources, they have still made strides on all fronts only because of competent leadership heading them. On the other hand, Pakistan is replete with precious natural resources, but the country is still lagging far behind owing to entrenched bad governance and brewing leadership crisis.

To impartially assess the level of good governance in Pakistan, it is imperative to take into consideration some pre-determined parameters of quality governance identified by the World Bank (WB). According to the WB, maximum participation in governance is the first and foremost precondition of good governance. Arguably, Pakistan’s politics is quite exclusionary. Dynastic and hereditary politicians have largely monopolised the power corridors since the 1950s. Such powerful and influential politicians heavily rely on immense wealth to readily purchase votes from the poor and uneducated people. Thus, the politically educated youth barely ever get to reach parliament, and the country is deprived of the competence of the youth required to expedite the development process.

Competence, effectiveness and efficacy are also some ingredients of good governance. These qualities mean that the leadership possesses the capacity and capability to create result-oriented policies meant to attain maximum delivery of public services. The incumbent government seems to be lacking in all of these qualities.

All of the legislative assemblies in the country are oblivious of needed legislation. Most of the acts passed by the government dismally fail to meet the required demands of the ever-increasing population. Many policies crafted by the government result in further misuse and misapplication of dwindling cash.

Impartial accountability and responsibility also play a central role in good governance. Almost all public institutions and office-bearers are largely unaccountable to competent authorities regarding their discharge of constitutional responsibility. Against the principle of parliamentary democracy, the ministers of the executive departments are not responsible to the legislative body. The national investigative agencies and accountability bureaus are toothless to look into the corrupt practices and irregularities committed by the potent and wealthy politicians and bureaucrats.

Transparency and openness ensure good governance. Both lay stress on the uninterrupted but necessary public access to information on decisions and transactions made by the government. In Pakistan, since corruption and unconstitutional measures are the order of the day, the public is systematically kept in dark about the activities of MNAs and MPAs. For example, the people are hardly provided with any information about the substantial funds afforded to the irresponsible ministers.

Last but not the least, rule of law is of paramount importance for the sustainability of effectual leadership. The concept of rule of law means that all and sundry are regulated by the same law of the country, and the officialdom is not treated with special laws. Moreover, whenever anybody violates the law, he is promptly punished by the same law. In our country, influential politicians and powerful criminals are above the law.

The aforementioned yardsticks make it abundantly clear that good governance is still a distant dream in the country. As a result, some wealthy and mighty families have had an unchallengeable hold over government and the dwindling resources of the country long enough. The ordinary people of the country, more than 90 percent of the population, are purposely deprived of their due political, socio-economic and educational rights granted to them by the constitution. The country, as a consequence, lags behind other developing South Asian states in terms of economic prosperity.

It is never too late to bring in the required reforms in governance. The proposed steps should include full participation of the educated youth in the government, implementation of rule of law and transparency in all matters of the government. If the incumbent government shies away from reforming the ineffective and rotten system, the country will continue to suffer

50 Things Money can't Buy

1. Respect  
2. well-adjust kids
3. Work-life balance
4. Natural beauty
5. Manner
6. Common sense
7. A clear conscience
8. Purpose in life
9. Integrity
10. Good friends
11. A long life
12. Close-knit family
13. An open mind
14. A worry free day
15. Trust
16. A new beginning
17. Clean arteries
18. A great idea
19. An honest politician
20. Peace of mind
21. A good hair day
22. Patience
23. Luck
24. A good epitaph
25. Happy memories
26. Time to relax
27. A strong work ethic
28. A positive attitude
29. A happy home
30. Everything you may want
31. Good karma
32. Appreciation of the simple things
33. True love
34. A new shot a missed opportunity
35. Peace in the world
36. A golden anniversary
37. Talent
38. A second chance in life
39. Quality time with kids
40. Wisdom
41. Happiness
42. Humility
43. A good reputation
44. 25- hour day
45. Relationship with your kids
46. Youth
47. Class
48. Justice
49. A proper perspective
50. Selflessness

Portel Five Forces Model

                             Porter's Five Forces model

 

Porter's Five Forces model was developed in 1979. The model summarizes the 5 factors, which affect the performance of a company by five forces. These 5 forces are as follows:

1. Bargaining power of customers; 
2. The threat of potential entrants; 
3. Bargaining power of suppliers; 
4. Threat of substitute products; 
5. The intensity of intra-industry competition.

The weight of Porter's Five Forces determines the ability of firms involved to make a profit. If all forces are high, profits will be limited. Conversely, if the forces are weak, it is theoretically possible to generate a significant profit. The essential point is therefore to prioritize these forces so as to identify the key success factors in the industry, that is to say, the strategic elements that must be mastered to gain a competitive advantage.

The bargaining power of customers

The main influence of customers on a market occurs through their ability to negotiate. According to Porter's Five Forces, influence on the price and sales conditions -- terms of payment and associated services -- determine the profitability of the market. The concentration level of their customers pay more or less power; few clients facing many producers have greater opportunities to trade (e.g. supermarkets). The power of customers is even greater than the products are standard and there are substitutes readily available (cost of switching down).

In Porter's Five Forces, the power of customers is high when:

* They are concentrated

* Suppliers are numerous and dispersed

* There are sources of supply substitution

* The cost of transfer is low and predictable (when the customer changes supplier)

* There is a threat to integrate backwards from the customers

The bargaining power of suppliers

In terms of cost or quality, the ability of suppliers to impose conditions on a market has a direct impact and is proportional to the customer. A small number of suppliers, a strong brand, highly differentiated products are all factors that increase the cost of switching and therefore the power thereof.

The threat of substitutes

According to Porter's Five Forces, substitutes are not part of the market, but represent an alternative to offer. It may be of different products to meet the same need (e.g.: MP3 download / Compact Disc) or product affect demand (electric vehicles / fossil fuels). The substitutes are characterized by a cross-elasticity is positive. In fact, the increased price of a good cause therefore increasing the quantity sold of each other.

The intensity of competition within the sector

In Porter's Five Forces, competitors struggle within the industry to increase or simply maintain their position. There are between firms in the balance of power more or less intense, depending on the strategic nature of the sector, the attractiveness of the market, its development prospects, the existence of barriers to entry and exit, the number, size and diversity of competitors, the importance of fixed costs, the possibility of achieving economies of scale, character banal or perishable goods, etc.

The threat of potential entrants

Porter's Five Forces states that the arrival of new competitors is influenced by barriers to entry, the initial investment required, tickets, patents already in place, standards, protectionist measures, the image of the industry and companies already established, cultural barriers, technical standards, etc.. All these facilities make entry more difficult for another firm. Behavior of actors in the sector (eg retail, automotive - is the last in Tucker in the 1930s).

The role of government

Although the government does not appear explicitly in Porter's Five Forces, its influence is taken into account and can affect each of the five forces. Policy and legislation implemented to determine how effective each of the forces exerted on the market. For example, the entry may be subject to approval or conversely be subsidized. This analysis tool is still questionable

Using a concrete model of Porter's Five Forces in businesses

The objective of this model is to identify key success factors of the environment, i.e. the strategic elements that must be mastered in order to obtain a competitive advantage. For this it is necessary to prioritize the 5 forces to determine what strategic actions should be undertaken first.

Reviews of the Five Forces Model

The 5 Forces Model is the basic tool of analysis of environmental strategy. It is It is however criticized for several reasons:

* It is based on a rhetoric of confrontation (strength, power, etc..) Which focuses on threats as opportunities and leaves little room for collaboration strategies.

* It implies that the strategy is basically to adapt to environmental conditions, precluding approaches based on the resources and skills that emphasize endogenous vision of success.

* It can be completed: some authors (notably in continental Europe) add a sixth force, government influence. This is known as model 5 (1) forces. Porter himself said in later writings the role of supplements (e.g. software industry for microcomputer).

* Each business case is specific. It is necessary to integrate the application in the enterprise model of 5 forces a hierarchical order of importance as the business of the company.

* Also note that this tool is only applicable to large companies and SMEs to large (at least 300 people), it becomes unrepresentative if not useless for small and small SMEs.

 

 

 

Mobile User Survey

There are 55.48 crore actual mobile users in the country and 14.32 crore internet users, according to a study by research firm Juxt.

"India has 55.48 crore mobile users as per our India Mobile Landscape (IML) 2013 study. More than 29.8 crore, about 54%, of these device owners are in rural areas as compared to 25.6 crore in cities and towns," Juxt co-founder Mrutyunjay told PTI.

There are total 77.39 crore functional SIMs with validity but only 64.34 SIMs are being used by 55.48 crore mobile devices owners, the study report said.

IML study finds that there are 14.32 crore internet users in the country.

"The number of unique Internet users in India, who access Internet from their desktop or laptop, smart TV or mobile data connections together stand at around 94.7 million. But when one adds the number of users who also access Internet through operators portals such as Airtel Live and Reliance R World, the number goes up to 143.2 million," Mrutyunjay said.

The study found 2.38 crore individuals access Internet from their mobile phones using a data connection such as GPRS or 3G. Out of this, 93 lakh access Internet only through mobile phones and around 77% of these users are in rural areas.

Talking about size of survey, he said that the field survey was conducted between May and mid-July 2013 covering 109 urban centres and 196 villages in all the 28 states and 3 union territories in India.

Mughal Road

                                         Tourism and Mughal road  a case  study

Introduction

According to Macintosh and Goelder(1986) Tourism is ‘’the sum of the phenomenena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments and host communities in the attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors.’’

 World Tourism :-

Theme for 2013: Tourism and Water: Protecting our Common Future

Tourism today is a trillion dollar sector involving the movement of over one billion tourists a year around the world and another five to six billion domestically.

In line with the 2013 United Nations International Year of Water Cooperation, the 2013 theme for World Tourism Day is Tourism and Water: Protecting our Common Future. As the most widely celebrated global day for tourism, it represents a unique opportunity to raise awareness of tourism’s role in water access and shine a spotlight on the sector’s contribution to a more sustainable water future.

Tourism has proven to provide environmentally sound solutions, as well as political and financial support, for the conservation and sustainable use of water sources. But more must be done. With a record one billion international tourists travelling in a single year in 2012, now is the time to commit to a more sustainable tourism sector in order to protect our common future.

This year’s theme highlights tourism’s role in water access and shines a spotlight on the actions currently being taken by the sector in order to contribute to a more sustainable water future, as well as the challenges ahead.

Types of Tourism:-

Tourism is basically travelling to another destination for the purposes of recreation, leisure, or business.

A person who travels to a destination and stays outside of where they usually live for more than 24 hours but less than one year is recognized as a tourist by the World Tourism Organization.

The type of tourism depends on the reason for travel. Travel can be to destinations that are domestic or international.

Domestic tourism involves residents travelling only within their country.

Inbound and Outbound tourism both describe types of international tourism.

Inbound tourism involves non-residents travelling within a country.

Outbound tourism, involves residents travelling within another country.

There are also many other types of tourism that fall under a “niche” or specialty travel category. This category of travel has evolved in recent years, and describes the various reasons why people travel for recreation, business or leisure.

Indian Tourism:-

      Tourism sector has one of the biggest advantage that it will never been changed by machines.

So it required manpower every time and it is estimated that in India in 2020 the number of foreign tourists would increase up to 55 lakhs . Therefore we can understand the growing market of service sector (tourism sector)  in India . The central tourism department of Indian government promoted the brand with “ Incredible India’’ The recent brand ambassador for brand Incredible India become Aamir Khan who recently visited Srinagar to promote the brand.    

J & K Tourism:-

 In all over the globe J&K is one of the state that has a competitive advantage over other tourist places in the world, i.e. the nature beauty of the state . From the stagnant water of  Dal lake to bullet flowing water of pahalgam to waterfall of Arhalbal all over only one thing the beauty of nature. Besides that a lots of Mughal architecture gardens over around the valley .Gulmargh the highest hill station , the semthan Top , The patnitop, verinag, Acheval and many more are some of the unique examples of their own.

Tourism industry in JK has a great importance because it is one of the main sectors in JK economy which provides employment of lakhs of people both directly or indirectly.

  And without any doubt Tourism industry of JK has a potential of providing employment more than all other departments, but one the main reason is that we have not such a infrastructure and the resources to provide better services to our guests (tourists)  

     

MUGHAL ROAD:- 

 Moghul Road is the road between Bafliaz, a town in the Poonch district, to Shopian district in the Kashmir valley. The road is 84km long, and situated in the Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It passes over PirPanjal Mountain range, at altitude of 11,500 ft (3505 m), that is higher than Banihal pass (2832 m).

The road brings the Poonch and Rajouri district closer to Srinagar in Kashmir valley. The distance between Srinagar and Poonch will be reduced from 588km to 126km. It makes for alternate road route to Kashmir valley from rest of India, other than over-crowded Jammu-Srinagar Highway through Jawahar Tunnel (Banihal Tunnel) (National Highway 1A). The road passes through Buffliaz, Behramgalla, shadrah sherief,Chandimarh,Poshana, Chattapani, Peer Ki Gali, Aliabad, Zaznar, Dubjan, Heerpora and Shopian.

The road was historically used by Moghul emperors to travel and conquer Kashmir during the sixteenth century. It was the route used by Akbar the Great to conquer Kashmir in 1586, and his son Emperor Jahangir died while returning from Kashmir on this road near Rajouri.

Construction and infrastructure:-

The double lane road is now open to light vehicles.

The new road was proposed in the 1950s, with the intention of improving the economy of Poonch and Rajouri districts. Then Chief Minister Sheikh Abdullah had taken up this project in 1979 and named it "Mughal Road", but it came to halt as militancy took over. Bafliaz Bridge on the road was blown up by the militants.

The construction of the prestigious project was started in 2005 with a target of completion in March 2007 and an estimated cost of INR 255 crores. The road cuts through Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary. Initially, there was opposition to the construction of the road because it would fragment the wildlife and inhibit movement of animals, especially the endangered Markhor goat in the region. Also, opponents claimed the road will get early snowfall in winter and hence will not serve as an alternate route to existing Jammu-Srinagar highway. Finally Supreme Court gave conditional permission for the

construction of the road. The construction work was completed on 4th December 2008, it is proposed to be open to traffic by summer of 2010 for light vehicles. Double lane road has already been completed as of August 2012. .

Beginning 2010, Mughal Road Car Rally is being organized every year covering 600 km including the picturesque stretch through PirPanjal.

The actual length of this road was 370 kms which was divided into 14 halting places from Lahore to Srinagar. Mosques and sarias were build by the mughal emperor. The halting places were established in such a way that the journey from one place to another could be travelled in a single day. The sarias build had the capacity to accommodate thousands of men in them and most of them were build along the riverside to meet the need of water for the carvan. At present the ruined structures are the clear evidence of mughal architect build near about 500 years ago. At present some of the sarias are used by defense personnel and some others have decayed to such an extent that they seem useless.

Services in Shopian district and Mughal road area:-

  From telecommunication to banking we have various players which provide their services to residents of the areas and the tourists of both domestic as well as foreign tourists. Some of the examples of the telecommunication service   provide players are as Bharti Airtel , BSNL, Aircel, Reliance and Vodafone among them BSNL have high coverage of network than other players.

In banking sector we have JK Bank, HDFC , SBI and PNB, but J &K  bank have maximum number of branch offices and highest market share as well.

Transportation; the transportation of mugahl road is almost all carried by private transport’s and travel agents. And government allow only light motor vehicles on the road therefore the state road transport corporation (SRTC) and state roadways are not running their vehicles over the muhgal road.

 

Maqbool Sherwani

 

Humam Development

Human Development

Human Development as it relates to economics and standard of living. In layman language, human development is getting basic amenities like food, shelter, clothing, education, health etc. Human Development is not only growth in income, wealth or consumption but the expansion of human capabilities.

Human development Index (HDI) is an index used to rank countries by level of “human development”, which usually also implies whether a country is developed, developing or under developed. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index covering longevity measured by life expectancy at birth, educational attainment computed as a combination of adult literacy and enrolment ratios at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels combined and the standard of living measured by per capita, real GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity in dollors.

Human development Index (HDI) was launched by Mahbub ul haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose: “to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centered policies.” Mahbub ul Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and policy-makers that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Amartya Sen initially opposed this idea, but he went on to help Haq develop the Human Development Index (HDI). Sen was worried that it was difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the attention of policy-makers from concentration on economic to human well-being. The HDI has been used since 1990 by the United Nations Development Programme for its annual Human Development Reports.

Three dimensions in the HDI

The HDI combines three dimensions

·        Life expectancy at birth, as an index of population health and longevity

·        Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ration (with one-thirds weighting).

·        Standard of living, as measured by natural logarithm of gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity.

                      by:-

                                                                                                                        

Sheikh hilal ahmad hayat

  9596630606

                         1st July  Historical win by Ahlesunnat over Deobandi :-  In  (Munazira )
                                                       IN  KASHMIR VALLEY

                      The initiation  of the Munazira  came when deobandi ulma gave challenge to the Ulma-e- Ahlesunnat in chander gavoo in Pulwama during a Seerat conference celebration that was held by sunni muslims.  It took such a situation that all religious , social and political parties are now focusing on this matter. but what will happen on 1st July ... it was a great waiting  for every one to watch  a big show , but ultimately deobandi left the field of competition. They prefer not to come rather than to face the tigers of Ahlesunnat .

Faces of Our Leaders

              "How many faces are presents in the packet of a leader of today"

                       It is very difficult or you can say impossible for any unit, an organisation, a society , community and a country to reach their goal with out right leaders. Todays our leaders use different ways to make their   followers fool . but such type of leadership works very little time and ultimately crashes very badly at the end of the day .

From last four consecutive days we saw many types of gatherings and many big lectures and more....but the result was as aspected , because in our valley Kashmir (india) everything is done with the choice of politicians with mutual understandings of so called society leaders.Here is some thing important that is why we saw big demands and big lectures these type of leaders against government the reason is ........ Because only to settle LD( leen deen) depends upon the situation if situation is critical the price well critical .
The only lose is the lose of lives  innocent peoples who came in the trap of these bloody criminal leaders. The only way to prevent the lives of these innocent peoples is to thrown out the criminal leaders out of the game.

Our future is day by day goes into downward slope...  the reason for this is that everything is planned from initiation to time of execution, but ultimately at the time of action our leaders came with different face and comes with again and again and every time with new face and time you make a new mistake ...........and the process is continuously running from more than 20 years.

lastly i want to say one or two leaders are present in our society who really want to change our society but their movement is always restricted and prisoned by government. 
(Regarding the recent Tragedy of Dastgeer Sahib(RA) shrine.)     PEOPLE WILL UNDERSTAND RIGHT THINGS WITH PASSAGE OF TIME ...........The only hope now we have.............

     hilal hayat

Dastgeer Sahib Shrine khanyar gutted in blaze

Dastgeer  Sahib  Shrine Khanyar :

A sorrow movement rapidally  spread over the valley of kashmir and outside country as well

when the news came that Dastgeer Sahib Shrine khanyar was been blaze Monday morning at

6:30 almost whole shrine is destroyed by fire mostly the wood structure of  Dargarh . Now a

different types of comments coming from different peoples regarding this incident , what is the reason

behind the tragedy ......... the first answer is shot circuit ( Government) it came initially and will come

after the investigation report . It is simple because Government never want to give right information to

general public because they knew that people of Kashmir may repeat the history. It would be impossible

for government to held the people thereafter.

 Now it is a very difficult situation for Government to handle but here is need to play politics and the

Government of state play it very well, as we saw in Shopian Case ( Murder and Rape of two girls)  . But

with respect of time people know more about government and their policies.

It is fourth consecutive day the normal life in  the valley  is distributed. Tommarrow is a black Friday  and

Ulmma Al-e-Sunnat  have already giving Call     (Khanyar Chalo)   so what happen tommarrow God Knows

better ............... contd.... it seems very difficult to handle the situation tom marrow in Srinagar .

hilalhayat.blogspot.com
9596630606

The Benefits of Financial Globalization

The Benefits of Financial Globalization :-

Increased international capital mobility has both potential benefits and costs. Most economists agree that the two main benefits are inter-temporal trade and risk diversification. Inter-temporal trade allows for smoothing spending over time.

For example during his working life a person may reduce his current income and save in order to maintain a high level of consumption during retirement, or a student may take out a loan so he can consume comfortably today and pay back this loan by foregoing future consumption when his income is high.

In a similar fashion a poor country like Bangladesh or Nigeria can borrow funds in the global capital market in order to spend more than its current national income level and repay these funds in the future when domestic income is higher. Rich countries on the hand can lend funds through the global capital market so that they can maintain the high level of consumption they enjoy now into the future.

Inter-temporal trade only helps to smooth consumption if the funds a country borrows or lends are invested in profitable projects that bring a higher future income. A student may take out a loan to get an education to provide a higher future income and the means to pay back the loan. This is less likely if she squanders the money on the high life. In the same manner funds that flow into a low income country must also be partly invested in the domestic economy in a way that promotes future growth. Of course lenders are also concerned about the soundness of these investments since they expect to be repaid.

But, why should wealthy countries provide capital to less fortunate countries? The four decades preceding World War–I show why international capital should flow from rich to poor countries and highlight the benefits of inter-temporal trade. The main economic powers at that time included the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. They had built up high levels of capital through industrialization but the returns on domestic investment had tapered off. This so called diminishing returns to capital is a natural occurrence in an economy.

Consider the effects of the first machine provided to a worker – it makes him much more productive but with each additional machine provided the worker’s additional output declines. When a worker who already operates ten machines is given an extra machine it will not make him much more productive.

As returns on investment declined in Europe, lenders started to look elsewhere. The emerging economies of the Americas such as Canada, Argentina, and the U.S were in dire need of funds to build railroads and ports and link agricultural production to cities. So capital flowed in vast amounts from the U.K, Germany, and France directly into the Americas. In 1880 the U.K’s net outflow of capital was about 5% of its total income which by today’s measures is very large. By 1913 it had grown to almost 10%. As a result Argentina became one of the world’s richest countries. Her per-capita income grew from 40% that of the U.K in 1870 to 75% in 1913. This episode of financial integration from 1870 to 1913 is referred to as the “First Age of Globalization” and is used as an example of how inter-temporal trade led to increased world growth.

The second benefit from financial globalization is portfolio diversification. This refers to the reduced risk to a lender who places his savings in various assets of different characteristics not putting all his eggs in one basket.

A global capital market means savers are not restricted to domestic assets but can diversify their portfolio by investing abroad. This makes investors less vulnerable to fluctuations in the domestic economy. Portfolio diversification has increased dramatically since the 1970s as many countries have reduced restrictions on cross-border capital mobility. Banks and mutual funds allow even small lenders such as private citizens to invest in foreign stocks and bonds. In 2004 the U.S foreign assets position was valued at almost 10 trillion dollars. That figure is staggering considering it corresponds to more than 80% of total U.S income in 2004. Compare that to 1982 when the U.S foreign assets position was only around one-fourth of the country’s income. Proponents of financial globalization argue that this increased diversification in asset holdings has greatly reduced risk in financial markets.

Ways to improve your self confidence :

Ways to improve your self confidence:

The word self confidence consist of two words self + confidence. The self means almost everything that you think belongs to you. These things might include your body, health, relationships, academic qualification, various skills, knowledge, wealth, society, country etc. Confidence means that you evaluate those things positively and believe that you can rely... on them to achieve your goals in life.
It is quite interesting to note that some time people who are having almost similar level of assets, i.e. people belonging to same family, working in similar positions in organizations, having equal qualification level might considerably differ in their level of confidence. It means that other than external factors there must be some inner thought process, which might be affecting the confidence level of the person. Under given are some psychological techniques to help you to improve the your confidence level
1. Love your self
It is a common experience that if we feel positive about some person we can give various arguments to prove that person good. Similarly if somebody does not like same person, he can also give enough arguments to prove his point. The same thing holds true when we are talking about ourselves. So first thing we need to do is to start feeling good about ourselves. Many people do not feel good about themselves because they continuously use other people given criteria’s to evaluate themselves. The society given criteria may include good physique, dashing life partner, money, must be able to speak a particular language, good academic record, lots of friends etc. before feeling good about yourself.
It is a common dialogue in movies, in which angry father of a heroine asks the hero, “Who gave you the permission to love my daughter”? The father lays down may conditions for the hero before the two can get married. Same happens in real life where a person can only love himself when he has fulfilled majority of the criteria’s given by society. In some cases the person himself lays down so many goals and conditions before he can love himself. My friends, the one person who needs your love most in this world is you. Just to remind you that love is always without conditions. Every person born in this world has certain strengths and certain weaknesses. So you are not an exception. So love yourself in spite of all the worst things you can think about yourself.
Action plan: On the top of a page write the following statement
I LOVE MY SELF BECAUSE
Now write at least 10 reasons and it will be better you can reach 25.
(Reason may include any thing that you love about yourself like your physique, behaviour, helping nature, style, respect for elders etc,. )

My all time Mentor 

Prof. Sohan Chandel

thanks And regards 

Hilal Hayat

Tsunami

Tsunami

   Tsunami, Japanese word, meaning “harbor wave” and used as the scientific term

for seismic sea waveGenerated by an undersea earthquake or possibly an undersea

landslide or volcanic eruption. When the Ocean floor is tilted or offset during an

earthquake; a set of waves is created similar to the concentric   Waves generated by

an object dropped into the water. Most tsunamis originate along the ring of fire, a

zone of volcanoes and seismic activity , 32500 km (24,000mi) long, that encircles

the pacific ocean. Since1819, about 40 tsunamis have struck the Hawallan islands.

A Tsunami can have wavelengths, or widths, of 100 to 200 km (60 to 120 mi), and

 may travel hundreds Of kilometers across the deep ocean, reaching speeds of

  about 725 to 800 km/h (about 450 to 500 mph)

Upon entering shallow coasted wasters, the wave which may have been only about

half a meter (a foot Or two) high out at sea, suddenly grows rapidly. When the

 wave reaches the shore, it may be 15 m (50ft) high or more. Tsunamis have

 tremendous energy because of the great volume of water affected. They are

Capable of obliterating coastal settlements.

Tsunami should not be confused with storm surges, which are domes of water that

rise underneath hurricanes or cyclones and cause extensive coastal flooding when

 the storms reach land. Storm surges are particularly devastating if they occur at

 high tide. A cyclone and accompanying storm surge killed an estimated

500,000people in Bangladesh in 1970.

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