Humam Development

Human Development

Human Development as it relates to economics and standard of living. In layman language, human development is getting basic amenities like food, shelter, clothing, education, health etc. Human Development is not only growth in income, wealth or consumption but the expansion of human capabilities.

Human development Index (HDI) is an index used to rank countries by level of “human development”, which usually also implies whether a country is developed, developing or under developed. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index covering longevity measured by life expectancy at birth, educational attainment computed as a combination of adult literacy and enrolment ratios at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels combined and the standard of living measured by per capita, real GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity in dollors.

Human development Index (HDI) was launched by Mahbub ul haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose: “to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centered policies.” Mahbub ul Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and policy-makers that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Amartya Sen initially opposed this idea, but he went on to help Haq develop the Human Development Index (HDI). Sen was worried that it was difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the attention of policy-makers from concentration on economic to human well-being. The HDI has been used since 1990 by the United Nations Development Programme for its annual Human Development Reports.

Three dimensions in the HDI

The HDI combines three dimensions

·        Life expectancy at birth, as an index of population health and longevity

·        Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ration (with one-thirds weighting).

·        Standard of living, as measured by natural logarithm of gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity.

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Sheikh hilal ahmad hayat

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